Duration 44:22
19th July 2021-The Hindu Editorial Discussion (Nepal politics, Lockdown effectiveness, Afghan issue)
Published 19 Jul 2021
Join this channel to get access to perks: /channel/UCAZiVpzu6oHHLcBQixHH0yg/join WEBSITE - https://www.harshitdwivedi.com/ Insta - https://www.instagram.com/hrsht.dwivedi Telegram Link - https://t.me/harshitdwivedivideos #criticismofantitraffickingbill2021 #defenseofafghanistangovernment #utilityoflockdowns #arelockdownsjustified The 19th July 2021 important editorials/news has been discussed in this video. Daily Editorial Analysis Videos Playlist - /playlist/PL_K2YMR-A5WJ4bRSefoXihmDxqyHOy341 Watch Issues in News - /playlist/PL_K2YMR-A5WIJLbAXTJr3edWWti5vkjrJ A Brief History of Modern India by Rajiv Ahir Spectrum Books Playlist - /playlist/PL_K2YMR-A5WI8tMJbIFcJ1HGgl5WhxTxr Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth Complete Analysis for all Competitive Exams Playlist - /playlist/PL_K2YMR-A5WJ3KpnC6PSLN7f_BYw749xf NCERT HISTORY Class VII Textbook OUR PASTS II Videos of all Chapters - /playlist/PL_K2YMR-A5WKDjikWCxcaDvEAHooTE_yC NCERT SCIENCE Class VII Textbook Videos of all Chapters - /playlist/PL_K2YMR-A5WIaJAyi73xFlSL5D5Axms_Y NCERT Social and Political Life II Class VII Textbook of all Chapters - /playlist/PL_K2YMR-A5WKqR09tn7B2N5iYXPycUewJ NCERT Geography Class VII Textbook Videos of all Chapters - /playlist/PL_K2YMR-A5WJ0pUogoF2gWfJGbQ3RcUbw NCERT Geography Class VI The Earth:Our Habitat Textbook Videos of all Chapters - /playlist/PL_K2YMR-A5WK32uApeRAlP1JQr3OFww4q NCERT History Class VI Our Pasts I Textbook Videos of all Chapters - /watch/EzZ0fSPmOciQqm5dv67y9LW5A-RMY2K_LP=tsil&Y55Olkqive6i0 NCERT SCIENCE CLASS 6 Textbook Videos of all Chapters - /watch/oQBtK__P9oE8mdA5yD9eNKW5A-RMY2K_LP=tsil&kwRP_0L-779-t The environment and ecology videos can be found at /playlist/PL_K2YMR-A5WK2mrG6kdfdvdP-n7_MTzVU International Organizations Playlist - /playlist/PL_K2YMR-A5WI9gB7qO1BM5XgcIFJj1lNk Economy Lectures - /playlist/PL_K2YMR-A5WJ7S243E9stwzRwUgEpDS6G Geography videos please refer to our playlist - /playlist/PL_K2YMR-A5WLzwkDDBeM8FjoP5yFQREZ5 Medieval History videos can be found at - /watch/fJ-Hc7SSrfLUVUzcMPiniJW5A-RMY2K_LP=tsil&cszo_TQJbEeJH Indian Polity & Constitution Previous Years Solved Questions - /playlist/PL_K2YMR-A5WLJDyt9x7Mkbzn8x-vSWDiw Indian Ancient History Playlist - /playlist/PL_K2YMR-A5WJ8QjTs8KfaVsZJw1mGU6tB Rivers of India - /playlist/PL_K2YMR-A5WJOCz9vQhqvAuvi2A-AhWvI Inspiring Biographies Playlist - /playlist/PL_K2YMR-A5WLcLvV2rBRBCH8DFV9zwh-a Indian Polity and Constitution - /playlist/PL_K2YMR-A5WKg0BuWXI-GCv7pBYbOE7nw Modern History - /playlist/PL_K2YMR-A5WL9r800TcZBNnohv--U7Se0
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in 1953 he was replaced by mohammad daud khan who had a close relation with the in 1979 ussr invaded and captured afghanistan in response to the occupation of soviet us started providing arms and supported mujahideen in 1996 taliban created islamic emirate of afghanistan after the 9/11 2001 attacks on twin towers us asked taliban
to hand over osama bin laden them wich was refused by taliban in respose to that us attacked afghanistan and waged a war against taliban for this nato was sent to liberate afghanistan. After the mass masscre of talibans few members of taliban fled from afghanistan and regrouped themselves in balochistan (pakistan) and now emerged as a big political and military power in afghanistan
i read from various sources and put them in my words. Thank you!
1. The ussr intervention
2. The civil war
3. Rise of taliban 4. The american intervention
in 1978 mohammed daoud khan, who was supported by the communist party of afghanistan, pdpa, used to rule. He did a lot of reforms which the rural population of afghanistan opposed. Also daoud did nothing for pdpa' s cause to unite the pashtoons of afghanistan and pakistan who were separated by durand line. 1979 a coup rose against the government in which daoud was killed. It was called the sour revolution or april revolution.
after daoud, power struggle began between 2 factions od pdpa- parcham and khalq. Ussr intervened and parcham' s moderate candidate was brought to power. Several reforms in education, agriculture, marriage done, women empowered. This all was opposed by people, which led to guerrilla war between afghanistan government and mujahideens who were backed by us, uk, sa, iran, china and pakistan. 1989 ussr had to retrace back from afghanistan.
thus began the civil war for 7 years.
1994-rise of taliban, an insurgent group trained and armed by pakistan and funded by us. From 1996-2001 taliban ruled by sharia law in afghanistan. It was a black era for afghanistan. Manygroups emerged. Al qaeda, led by osama bin laden, being one of them.
the famous twin tower attack of 9/11 by al qaeda on us, led to us intervention in afghanistan. George bush asked to hand over osama bin laden to us and release of political prisoners. On oct 2001 america finally created isaf (40 countries group) and started the operation enduring freedom -2001-2014) from 2015-present started the operation freedom senital. Finally now, us has decided to call back the american troops from afghanistan.
the main reason for foreign interest in afghanistan is the untapped natural resources of afghanistan, which could procure billions of dollars to who so ever is in charge of the land. But so far, the rural afghanistan has not bow down to any. Hope that american troop retrieval start the golden period fordevelopment, and taliban do not terrorise the area anymore
historical background
the pre-islamic period: archaeological evidence indicates that urban civilization began in full independence and soviet occupation: in 1919 afghanistan signed the treaty of rawalpindi, which ended the third anglo- afghan war and marks afghanistans official date of independence. In the interwar period, afghanistan again was a balancing point between two world powers; habibullahs son amanullah (ruled 191929) skillfully manipulated the new british-soviet rivalry and established relations with major countries. Amanullah introduced his countrys first constitution in 1923. However, resistance to his domestic reform program forced his abdication in 1929. In 1933 amanullahs nephew mohammad zahir shah, the last king of afghanistan, began a 40-year reign.
after world war ii, in which afghanistan remained neutral, the long-standing division of the pashtun tribes caused tension with the neighboring state of pakistan, founded on the other side of the durand line in 1948. In response, afghanistan shifted its foreign policy toward the soviet union. The prime minister ship of the kings cousin mohammad daoud (195363) was cautiously reformist, modernizing and centralizing the government while strengthening ties with the soviet union. However, in 1963 zahir shah dismissed daoud because his anti-pakistani policy had damaged afghanistans economy.
a new constitution, ratified in 1964, liberalized somewhat the constitutional monarchy. However, in the ensuing decade economic and political conditions worsened. In 1973 daoud overthrew the king and established a republic. When economic conditions did not improve and daoud lost most of his political support, communist factions overthrew him in 1978. In 1979 the threat of tribal insurgency against the communist government triggered an invasion by 80, 0 soviet troops, who then endured a very effective decade- long guerrilla war. Between 1979 and 1989, tworegimes failed to defeat the loose federation of mujahideen guerrillas [who were supported by the us, pakistan, and saudi arabia, note from the editor] that opposed the occupation. In 1988 the soviet union agreed to create a neutral afghan state, and the last soviet troops left afghanistan in 1989. The agreement ended a war that killed thousands, devastated industry and agriculture, and created 5 to 6 million refugees.
civil war and the taliban: the 1988 agreement did not settle differences between the government and the mujahideen, and in 1992 afghanistan descended into a civil war that further ravaged the economy. Among the leaders of the warring factions were ahmad shah massoud, an ethnic tajik; gulbuddin hekmatyar, a pashtun; and abdul rashid dostum, an uzbek. Despite several temporary alliances, struggles among the armed groups continued until one islamic fundamentalist group, the taliban, gained control of most of the country in 1996. The taliban used an extremist interpretation of islam to assert repressive control of society. The economy remained in ruins, and most government services ceased.
the taliban granted the arab terrorist organization al qaeda the right to use afghanistan as a base. As al qaeda committed a series of international terrorist acts culminating in attacks on the united states on september 11, 2001, the taliban rejected international pressure to surrender al qaeda leader osama bin laden. When the united states and allies attacked afghanistan in the fall of 2001, the taliban government collapsed, but taliban and al qaeda leaders escaped. A united statesled international security assistance force began an occupation that is still in place in 2008.
rebuilding the country: in december 2001, afghan leaders in exile signed the bonn agreement, forming an interim government, the afghan interimunder the leadership of the pashtun moderate hamid karzai. In 2002 karzai was selected president of the transitional islamic state of afghanistan, whose ruling council included disparate leaders of the anti-taliban northern alliance. A new constitution, written by a specially convened loya jirga, or constituent assembly of regional leaders, was ratified in early 2004. In october 2004, an overwhelming popular vote elected karzai president of the islamic republic of afghanistan. However, regional warlords and large areas of afghanistan remained beyond the control of the karzai government. Despite substantial international aid, the afghan government, which includedfrom many factions, was unable to address numerous social and economic problems. The parliamentary elections of september 2005 gave regional warlords substantial power in both houses of the national assembly, further jeopardizing karzais ability to unite the country. The bonn agreement lapsed after the 2005 elections.
the agreements successor, the afghanistan compact, went into effect in january 2006 to set goals for international assistance in economic development, security, protection of human rights, and the fight against corruption and drug trafficking through 2010.
in the meantime, the resurgent taliban intensified terrorist activities in areas beyond government control, particularly the southeastern provinces. In mid-2006, north atlantic treaty organization (nato) forces turned back a taliban offensive aimed at kandahar. However, beginning in 2007 the taliban utilized safe havens in adjacent pakistan to gradually restore and expand its control in afghanistan. In early 2008, it controlled an estimated 10 percent of the country while the government controlled only an estimated 30 percent. Local tribes controlled the remaining territory. Despite u. S. Aided efforts to reduce cultivation of poppies for narcotics production, in 2007 and 2008 that crop accounted for an increasing percentage of afghanistans economy and was a major support of the taliban. In mid-2008, a new international conference in support of afghanistan reaffirmed international commitments to the countrys economic and political stability but demanded improved coordination of aid and reduced corruption. Meanwhile, widespread economic hardship increasingly weakened the karzai governments support among the population.
source: internet (sir i was not aware ofpolitical history that" s why i have taken help of internet, sorry sir if you dont like that i used internet)
- is conjugal rights against sec 21 of the constitution or not.
in mid 1990s after soviet troops' s withdrawal. Communist regime collapsed lead to political instability.
during thisapolitical and religious faction emerged i. E taliban. Taliban took control of over 90% of country and rest in the hands of northern alliance. During taliban rule. There was total exclusion of women from public life. Very harsh punishments. Destruction of non islamic artistic relicsrelics etc. Only pakistan, uae and saudi arabia recognized taliban government.
in 2001. Usa forces invades afghanistan and overthrow taliban government. Hamid karzai became interim administrator.
in 2004. Loya jigra (assembly) adopts new constitution and afghanistan becomes islamic republic.
hamid karzai was the elected president of country.
during us invasion. Social indicators of country improves like health and education etc. No of children in the schools increased. Infrastructure projects built with the help of other countries. Eg. Salma dam by india etc. During trump' reign. He announced us troops' s withdrawal fromto which taliban again gain ground againstelected government under ashraf gani.
most afghans overwhelmingly want peace butpolitical u ity remains fragile
how taliban came in power - on 3 november 1994, taliban in a surprise attack conquer kandhar city. Before 4 january 1995, they controlled 12 afghan provinces. Militias controlling the different areas often surreneded without a fight. At these stages, the taliban were popular, because they stamped out corruption, curbed lawnessess and made the roads and area safe. In a bid to establish thier rule over afghanistan, the taliban started shelling kabul in early 1996, as the taliban prepaered for another mojor offensives. The taliabn entered kabul on 27 september 1996 and establised the islamic emirate of afghanistan.
i wrote this answer soo late ( 20 july 9: 14 pm )
1] In 1933 Mohammad Zahir Shah became the king of Afghanistan. He brings a semblance of stability to country and he ruled for next 40 years in Afghanistan.
2] In 1973 Mohammad Dawood Khan couped against Zahir Shah and he became a king in 1973. He proclaimed country as republic country.
3] in 1978 PDPA { People's Democratic Republic Of Afghanistan} came in poweerthrough Saur Revolution.
In between people were not happy by any ruler in Afghanistan not by zahir shah not by dawwod khan and not by PDPA.
4] PDPA was supported by Soviet union in the backend.
5] Soviet Union attacked Afghanistan in 1979. In between 1979-1992 every ruler who is supported by soviet union will be a king of Afghanistan.
6] In 1992 Influence of Soviet union came to an end , USA played a major role in that. As there was a cold war between USA & Soviet union , as Capitalist and socialist country.
7] After fall of soviet union Islamic Republic waas formed and it became the government of Afghanistan .
8] But some Mujahiddin din was getting support of USA to throw soviet union out of Afghanistan. And these Mujahiddin refuse to recognise Islamic Republic as their government. They were the tribal community.
9] Civil war begin in 1993 and it continues till 1996.
10] In 1994 "Taliban" emerged as a small group and by the time it became powerful and capture most of the part of Afghanistan under their control.
11] From 1996-2001 Taliban continue to rule on Afghanistan by SHRIYA { Islamic rule} . In that rule there were not any rights for women , there was not entry for the private enterprises. Basically Taliban was a very conservative society.
12] In todays date Taliban is saying that they want to bring proper Islamic system in Afghnistan . How can people believe them after seeing a horrifying period of 1996-2001.
13] Basically Taliban is not talking about Democracy they are only concerned about their so called proper Islamic System.
source : harshit dwivedi education { rise of taliban in afghanistan} .. ...Expand 1
afghanistan is known for its tourist place and its beauti, such as kabul, babar tumb, national museum of afghanistan, blue mosque etc.
afghanistan is one of such example that never accept foreign dictator, afghanistan residents always believed in self governance. In history many examples are presented afghanistan autonomy in their governance.
1. British intervention
# first anglo afghan war, 1839-42) afghan victory, dost mohammad khan defeated british army
# second anglo- afghan war( 1878- 80) british victory, treaty of gandamak.
# third anglo afghan war(1919) treaty of rawalpindi, british victory, afghanistan independence with full sovereignty in foreign affairs.
russian intervention, in 1979
soviet-afghan war, soviet defeated by talibanians, and finally soviet withdrawal from afghanistan in 1992. And many civil war happened in the land of afghanistan.
us intervention
in 2001, 9/11 attack have done by afghanistan militant group taliban. And from that time us troops involve in thepotection from militant group taliban.
2014 nato force deployed in the land of the afghanistan land.
nato led operation resolute and get success to defeat talibanians. These talibanians get hidden in the pakistan province and stop their attacks for some year, and revive their self and made more strong militant. Us didn' t entered in pakistan due to its relations with pakistan.
again taliban militant got involved in the civil war and became more aggressive, many afghanistan and us troops lost their life. Still civil war is going on and finally us decided to its withdrowal from afghanistan. Us had done all formalities of withdrawal and september 2021 is the final date of complete withdrawal.
talibanians arethe afghanistan residenct, they don' t want that any foreign country interfare in their country. They want to solve their problem from their own self.
it might be dangerous for other regional countries after withdrowal of us troops but it may be possible that taliban leaders only want to govern their territory. It can be clearly said after the final withdrawal
2. Article relates which topic of upsc just present it in before starting the related acticle.
3. Reduce a little timing of editorial lecture.
sir my motive of giving this suggestion is just to make increase ur like bcz as a student most of the video people like more which is in stylish, short andthis time, it does not mean u r less content sir u are ful of content still people don' t like i feel bad so i gave this advice
in 1953 he was replaced by mohammad daud khan who had a close relation with the in 1979 ussr invaded and captured afghanistan in response to the occupation of soviet us started providing arms and supported mujahideen in 1996 taliban created islamic emirate of afghanistan after the 9/11 2001 attacks on twin towers us asked taliban
to hand over osama bin laden them wich was refused by taliban in respose to that us attacked afghanistan and waged a war against taliban for this nato was sent to liberate afghanistan. After the mass masscre of talibans few members of taliban fled from afghanistan and regrouped themselves in balochistan (pakistan) and now emerged as a big political and military power in afghanistan
i read from various sources and put them in my words. Thank you!
1. The ussr intervention
2. The civil war
3. Rise of taliban 4. The american intervention
in 1978 mohammed daoud khan, who was supported by the communist party of afghanistan, pdpa, used to rule. He did a lot of reforms which the rural population of afghanistan opposed. Also daoud did nothing for pdpa' s cause to unite the pashtoons of afghanistan and pakistan who were separated by durand line. 1979 a coup rose against the government in which daoud was killed. It was called the sour revolution or april revolution.
after daoud, power struggle began between 2 factions od pdpa- parcham and khalq. Ussr intervened and parcham' s moderate candidate was brought to power. Several reforms in education, agriculture, marriage done, women empowered. This all was opposed by people, which led to guerrilla war between afghanistan government and mujahideens who were backed by us, uk, sa, iran, china and pakistan. 1989 ussr had to retrace back from afghanistan.
thus began the civil war for 7 years.
1994-rise of taliban, an insurgent group trained and armed by pakistan and funded by us. From 1996-2001 taliban ruled by sharia law in afghanistan. It was a black era for afghanistan. Manygroups emerged. Al qaeda, led by osama bin laden, being one of them.
the famous twin tower attack of 9/11 by al qaeda on us, led to us intervention in afghanistan. George bush asked to hand over osama bin laden to us and release of political prisoners. On oct 2001 america finally created isaf (40 countries group) and started the operation enduring freedom -2001-2014) from 2015-present started the operation freedom senital. Finally now, us has decided to call back the american troops from afghanistan.
the main reason for foreign interest in afghanistan is the untapped natural resources of afghanistan, which could procure billions of dollars to who so ever is in charge of the land. But so far, the rural afghanistan has not bow down to any. Hope that american troop retrieval start the golden period fordevelopment, and taliban do not terrorise the area anymore
historical background
the pre-islamic period: archaeological evidence indicates that urban civilization began in full independence and soviet occupation: in 1919 afghanistan signed the treaty of rawalpindi, which ended the third anglo- afghan war and marks afghanistans official date of independence. In the interwar period, afghanistan again was a balancing point between two world powers; habibullahs son amanullah (ruled 191929) skillfully manipulated the new british-soviet rivalry and established relations with major countries. Amanullah introduced his countrys first constitution in 1923. However, resistance to his domestic reform program forced his abdication in 1929. In 1933 amanullahs nephew mohammad zahir shah, the last king of afghanistan, began a 40-year reign.
after world war ii, in which afghanistan remained neutral, the long-standing division of the pashtun tribes caused tension with the neighboring state of pakistan, founded on the other side of the durand line in 1948. In response, afghanistan shifted its foreign policy toward the soviet union. The prime minister ship of the kings cousin mohammad daoud (195363) was cautiously reformist, modernizing and centralizing the government while strengthening ties with the soviet union. However, in 1963 zahir shah dismissed daoud because his anti-pakistani policy had damaged afghanistans economy.
a new constitution, ratified in 1964, liberalized somewhat the constitutional monarchy. However, in the ensuing decade economic and political conditions worsened. In 1973 daoud overthrew the king and established a republic. When economic conditions did not improve and daoud lost most of his political support, communist factions overthrew him in 1978. In 1979 the threat of tribal insurgency against the communist government triggered an invasion by 80, 0 soviet troops, who then endured a very effective decade- long guerrilla war. Between 1979 and 1989, tworegimes failed to defeat the loose federation of mujahideen guerrillas [who were supported by the us, pakistan, and saudi arabia, note from the editor] that opposed the occupation. In 1988 the soviet union agreed to create a neutral afghan state, and the last soviet troops left afghanistan in 1989. The agreement ended a war that killed thousands, devastated industry and agriculture, and created 5 to 6 million refugees.
civil war and the taliban: the 1988 agreement did not settle differences between the government and the mujahideen, and in 1992 afghanistan descended into a civil war that further ravaged the economy. Among the leaders of the warring factions were ahmad shah massoud, an ethnic tajik; gulbuddin hekmatyar, a pashtun; and abdul rashid dostum, an uzbek. Despite several temporary alliances, struggles among the armed groups continued until one islamic fundamentalist group, the taliban, gained control of most of the country in 1996. The taliban used an extremist interpretation of islam to assert repressive control of society. The economy remained in ruins, and most government services ceased.
the taliban granted the arab terrorist organization al qaeda the right to use afghanistan as a base. As al qaeda committed a series of international terrorist acts culminating in attacks on the united states on september 11, 2001, the taliban rejected international pressure to surrender al qaeda leader osama bin laden. When the united states and allies attacked afghanistan in the fall of 2001, the taliban government collapsed, but taliban and al qaeda leaders escaped. A united statesled international security assistance force began an occupation that is still in place in 2008.
rebuilding the country: in december 2001, afghan leaders in exile signed the bonn agreement, forming an interim government, the afghan interimunder the leadership of the pashtun moderate hamid karzai. In 2002 karzai was selected president of the transitional islamic state of afghanistan, whose ruling council included disparate leaders of the anti-taliban northern alliance. A new constitution, written by a specially convened loya jirga, or constituent assembly of regional leaders, was ratified in early 2004. In october 2004, an overwhelming popular vote elected karzai president of the islamic republic of afghanistan. However, regional warlords and large areas of afghanistan remained beyond the control of the karzai government. Despite substantial international aid, the afghan government, which includedfrom many factions, was unable to address numerous social and economic problems. The parliamentary elections of september 2005 gave regional warlords substantial power in both houses of the national assembly, further jeopardizing karzais ability to unite the country. The bonn agreement lapsed after the 2005 elections.
the agreements successor, the afghanistan compact, went into effect in january 2006 to set goals for international assistance in economic development, security, protection of human rights, and the fight against corruption and drug trafficking through 2010.
in the meantime, the resurgent taliban intensified terrorist activities in areas beyond government control, particularly the southeastern provinces. In mid-2006, north atlantic treaty organization (nato) forces turned back a taliban offensive aimed at kandahar. However, beginning in 2007 the taliban utilized safe havens in adjacent pakistan to gradually restore and expand its control in afghanistan. In early 2008, it controlled an estimated 10 percent of the country while the government controlled only an estimated 30 percent. Local tribes controlled the remaining territory. Despite u. S. Aided efforts to reduce cultivation of poppies for narcotics production, in 2007 and 2008 that crop accounted for an increasing percentage of afghanistans economy and was a major support of the taliban. In mid-2008, a new international conference in support of afghanistan reaffirmed international commitments to the countrys economic and political stability but demanded improved coordination of aid and reduced corruption. Meanwhile, widespread economic hardship increasingly weakened the karzai governments support among the population.
source: internet (sir i was not aware ofpolitical history that" s why i have taken help of internet, sorry sir if you dont like that i used internet)
how taliban came in power - on 3 november 1994, taliban in a surprise attack conquer kandhar city. Before 4 january 1995, they controlled 12 afghan provinces. Militias controlling the different areas often surreneded without a fight. At these stages, the taliban were popular, because they stamped out corruption, curbed lawnessess and made the roads and area safe. In a bid to establish thier rule over afghanistan, the taliban started shelling kabul in early 1996, as the taliban prepaered for another mojor offensives. The taliabn entered kabul on 27 september 1996 and establised the islamic emirate of afghanistan.
i wrote this answer soo late ( 20 july 9: 14 pm )
in mid 1990s after soviet troops' s withdrawal. Communist regime collapsed lead to political instability.
during thisapolitical and religious faction emerged i. E taliban. Taliban took control of over 90% of country and rest in the hands of northern alliance. During taliban rule. There was total exclusion of women from public life. Very harsh punishments. Destruction of non islamic artistic relicsrelics etc. Only pakistan, uae and saudi arabia recognized taliban government.
in 2001. Usa forces invades afghanistan and overthrow taliban government. Hamid karzai became interim administrator.
in 2004. Loya jigra (assembly) adopts new constitution and afghanistan becomes islamic republic.
hamid karzai was the elected president of country.
during us invasion. Social indicators of country improves like health and education etc. No of children in the schools increased. Infrastructure projects built with the help of other countries. Eg. Salma dam by india etc. During trump' reign. He announced us troops' s withdrawal fromto which taliban again gain ground againstelected government under ashraf gani.
most afghans overwhelmingly want peace butpolitical u ity remains fragile
afghanistan is known for its tourist place and its beauti, such as kabul, babar tumb, national museum of afghanistan, blue mosque etc.
afghanistan is one of such example that never accept foreign dictator, afghanistan residents always believed in self governance. In history many examples are presented afghanistan autonomy in their governance.
1. British intervention
# first anglo afghan war, 1839-42) afghan victory, dost mohammad khan defeated british army
# second anglo- afghan war( 1878- 80) british victory, treaty of gandamak.
# third anglo afghan war(1919) treaty of rawalpindi, british victory, afghanistan independence with full sovereignty in foreign affairs.
russian intervention, in 1979
soviet-afghan war, soviet defeated by talibanians, and finally soviet withdrawal from afghanistan in 1992. And many civil war happened in the land of afghanistan.
us intervention
in 2001, 9/11 attack have done by afghanistan militant group taliban. And from that time us troops involve in thepotection from militant group taliban.
2014 nato force deployed in the land of the afghanistan land.
nato led operation resolute and get success to defeat talibanians. These talibanians get hidden in the pakistan province and stop their attacks for some year, and revive their self and made more strong militant. Us didn' t entered in pakistan due to its relations with pakistan.
again taliban militant got involved in the civil war and became more aggressive, many afghanistan and us troops lost their life. Still civil war is going on and finally us decided to its withdrowal from afghanistan. Us had done all formalities of withdrawal and september 2021 is the final date of complete withdrawal.
talibanians arethe afghanistan residenct, they don' t want that any foreign country interfare in their country. They want to solve their problem from their own self.
it might be dangerous for other regional countries after withdrowal of us troops but it may be possible that taliban leaders only want to govern their territory. It can be clearly said after the final withdrawal
1] In 1933 Mohammad Zahir Shah became the king of Afghanistan. He brings a semblance of stability to country and he ruled for next 40 years in Afghanistan.
2] In 1973 Mohammad Dawood Khan couped against Zahir Shah and he became a king in 1973. He proclaimed country as republic country.
3] in 1978 PDPA { People's Democratic Republic Of Afghanistan} came in poweerthrough Saur Revolution.
In between people were not happy by any ruler in Afghanistan not by zahir shah not by dawwod khan and not by PDPA.
4] PDPA was supported by Soviet union in the backend.
5] Soviet Union attacked Afghanistan in 1979. In between 1979-1992 every ruler who is supported by soviet union will be a king of Afghanistan.
6] In 1992 Influence of Soviet union came to an end , USA played a major role in that. As there was a cold war between USA & Soviet union , as Capitalist and socialist country.
7] After fall of soviet union Islamic Republic waas formed and it became the government of Afghanistan .
8] But some Mujahiddin din was getting support of USA to throw soviet union out of Afghanistan. And these Mujahiddin refuse to recognise Islamic Republic as their government. They were the tribal community.
9] Civil war begin in 1993 and it continues till 1996.
10] In 1994 "Taliban" emerged as a small group and by the time it became powerful and capture most of the part of Afghanistan under their control.
11] From 1996-2001 Taliban continue to rule on Afghanistan by SHRIYA { Islamic rule} . In that rule there were not any rights for women , there was not entry for the private enterprises. Basically Taliban was a very conservative society.
12] In todays date Taliban is saying that they want to bring proper Islamic system in Afghnistan . How can people believe them after seeing a horrifying period of 1996-2001.
13] Basically Taliban is not talking about Democracy they are only concerned about their so called proper Islamic System.
source : harshit dwivedi education { rise of taliban in afghanistan} .. ...Expand 1
2. Article relates which topic of upsc just present it in before starting the related acticle.
3. Reduce a little timing of editorial lecture.
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